frequently asked questions
The Most Significant Medical Advances Related to Schizophrenia
Introduction
Medical advances in the last century have reshaped our understanding of schizophrenia, changed the criteria we use to diagnose this illness, and led to new and more effective forms of treatment.
Statistics
Instead of merely cataloging symptoms and describing the course of the disease as Kraepelin and Bleuler did, modern clinicians and researchers have accumulated statistics related to the prevalence and incidence of the disease in large populations.
The Distinction Between Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders
A critical evaluation of the symptoms that comprise this illness has allowed us to distinguish it from affective (mood) disorders, which have different courses and respond to different medications.
Genetics
Genetic researchers have identified potential genes or genetic markers that may alter our susceptibility to this disease. Evidence has been amassed regarding potential environmental causes.
Imaging
Brain imaging techniques such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and PET (Positron Emission Tomography) have allowed researcher to identify structural changes in the brains of people with schizophrenia and directly observe abnormal brain functioning.
Brain Chemistry
Perhaps the most significant advance has been the discovery of brain neurotransmitter chemicals, particularly dopamine, which made possible the development of medications to treat specific symptoms of this illness.
Treatment Modalities
Other treatment modalities have been explored and refined. Issues related to co-morbid diagnoses, especially substance abuse disorders, have been identified, resulting in integrated treatment options.
Results
Patients with schizophrenia have been systematically deinstitutionalized as diverse resources in the community have been created and popularized.
The most gratifying development has been the reduction in the stigma associated with this illness, as it has clearly been identified as a medical illness with well defined pathological changes in the brain and a consistent predicable response to biological treatments (medications).
(Sources: The author’s knowledge base, unless otherwise noted.)
______________________________________________________________________
Related Articles:
______________________________________________________________________
